Steam eadiatoe



(No Model.)

zsheets-sneen 1, E. E. GOLD.

STEAM RADIATOR. No. 508,134.

Patented Nov. 7, 1893.

FIG. 1.

FIG. 2..

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(No Model.) 2.Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. E. GOLD. STEAM RADIATUR.

No. 508,134. Patented Nov. 7, 1893.

INVENTOR;

WITNESSES; a. M f. M,

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7 UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

EDWARD E. GOLD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-RADIATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,134, dated November 7, 1893.

Application tiled April 10, 1893.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD E. GOLD, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Radiators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam radiators, for use principally in the heating of railway cars. It provides certain improvements in the construction of such radiators, the nature of which will be hereinafter set forth.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a horizontal section of a railway car illustrating the new way of piping which is made admissible by the use of my improved radiator. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section thereof. Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively transverse and longitudinal sections of my improved radiator. Figs. 6 and 7 are similar sections illustrating another construction thereof. Figs. 8 and 9 are similar views showingafurther construction. Figs. l0 and 1l are similar views illustrating another modified construction. Fig. 12 is a cross-section of a further modification. n

Referring to Figs. l, 2 and 3, let A designate the main steam-pipe beneath the car, from which branch pipes an extend into the car and communicate with branch steam-pipes B B entering one end of the heat storage radiators C C.

The radiators are extended 1n approximately horizontal direction,being preferably inclined suiciently to drain toward one end, and the pipes B B enter them at this end close to the top. At the same end close to the bottom, drainage pipes D D lead from the radiators, and being united pass down through the iioor of the car and terminate in automatic traps E E for discharging the water of condensation as it cools or as the pressure is removed. In the employment of such storage radiators as heretofore used on railway cars, it has been most customary to introduce steam at one end of the radiator casing, and drain off the condensed water at the opposite end. This necessitates, when the connec- 5o tions are made at the middle of the car, that Serial No. 469.668. (No model.)

yeither the steam or d rainage pipe shall extend alongside of the radiator to the remote end thereof, thereby employing considerable pipe, and involving other disadvantages of inconvenience and expense such as are well understood. It is one object of myinvention to provide such an internal construction of radiator as shall remove the necessity or advantage which has heretofore led to such system of piping. Other constructions of radiators have heretofore been provided by which both connections might be made at the same end.` but they have been subject to practical disadvantages which it is the aim of my invention to overcome, such for example as the trapping of a body of air within the radiator in such manner that the introduction of steam fails to expel the air.

One construction of my improved radiator is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Like all storage heaters, this radiator is constructed with an outer casing or shell F, and an inner heat storage body G. The shell F is an elongated tubular shell, preferably constructed -as a piece of boiler tube having heads f f fastened on its opposite ends preferably by screwing them into the heads. The steam inlet pipe B and drainage pipe D are both screwed into the head f. The heat storage body G may be either a vessel containing liquid or it may be asolid body. In the construction here shown itis a solid body consisting of brick or unglazed earthenware, or terra cotta, or some other equivalent material, which is divided into sections placed close together within` the shell. The heat storage body conforms generally in shape to the interior of the shell, being partly in contact therewith, and partly out of contact therewith by being formed with grooves or depressions b b. Along the top of eac'h brick or section is formed a groove or channel c for providing a space or passage for steam entering the radiator, while along its bottom by preference is formed a groove or channel d for permitting the water of condensation forming within the radiator to flow toward the outlet pipe D. The steam channel o is in line with the steam inlet pipe B, so that the steam is directed in a jet into and through IOO the channel c, whereby it is conducted to the opposite end of' the radiator. The steam pipe B, or some other pipe or nozzle forming a continuation of it, should extend into the channel c sufficiently far to insure that the jet of steam introduced shall all enter the channel. Preferably this pipe is continued for a considerable distance within the radiator, either as an integral pipe or as a separate pipe, the latter' construction, which is preferred, being shown in Fig. 5, where the separate pipe is lettered H. Some means is necessarily provided for preventing displacement of t-he bricks or sections in order that their channels c c shall remain in line and constitute one continuous channel or steam conduit. The pipe I-I forms aconvenient and effective means for accomplishing this purpose by simply extending sufficiently far to overlap the last brick or section, as shown in Fig. 5. The bricks are kept out of contact with the opposite heads of the shell by proj eci tions i fi therein, or any other suitable stops, so that chambers or empty spaces h h are formed in the opposite ends of the radiator.

Assuming the radiator to be full of air, the turning on of steam will throw a jet of steam through the pipe II and channel c to the opposite or farther end of the radiator, where the steam will enter the chamber h' and will flow thence back through the channels b l) d toward the end from which it entered. In so doing it drives the contained air before it, and causes the air to pass out through the drainage pipe D, escaping at the trap E. As soon as the hot steam begins to pass out through the trap, the latter, being a thermostatic trap, is expanded by the heat and closes. The radiator is then filled with steam, by which it is quickly heated up and begins at once to radiate heat to the apartment'. In so doing the steam is condensed, and the water of condensation collects in the spaces at the lower side of the radiator, chiefly in the channel d. As the radiator is tilted slightly, descending toward the drainage pipe D, the water of condensation flows out through this pipe, and as it cools the trap E opens and discharges it from timeto time. Vhen the heat storage body G is of brick or other porous material, a considerable quantity of the condensed water is taken into it by absorption. In any case the heat storage body G is heated by the steam, and after the steam is shut olf the heat thus stored up is radiated to maintain the-warmth of the apartment.

In the construction of radiators it is necessary to provide against the possibility of the bursting of any part by the freezing of condensed water which may remain in the radiator. By the combination of my radiator with a thermostatic trap E, the water condensingY within the radiator drains off as fast as it cools. By the necessary inclination of the radiator with the end f downward, the steam pipes B and H are so inclined as to hold some water of condensation within them, but the amount thus accumulating will not be sufficient to fill the pipe and consequently if it freezes will not burst the pipe.

Figs. 6 and 7 show a somewhat different construction wherein the steam pipe B enters the center of the tubular shellof the radiator, terminating in a short pipe or nozzle II which projects into a central bore or channel c formed through the bricks or sections of the solid body G. This body is formed with longitudinal grooves b at intervals around its exterior to constitute spaces for steam and condensed water. On turning on steam, the jet or current of steam iiows from the nozzle I-I through the bore or channel e to the chamber 7L at the opposite end, expelling the air therefrom and returning through the channels b, driving the air ahead of it. Any of the condensation Water which may form in the bore or channel c will tiow out through the space Z beneath the nozzle I-l.

Figs. 8 and 9 show a construction of storage heater wherein the heat storage body, here lettered G2, is a sealed vessel containing water or other suitable liquid adapted for the storage of heat, brinebeing preferable because of its cheapness and low freezing point. This inner vessel is so shaped as to form at the top between it and the outer casing, a steam space or channel c2, and at the bottom a condensation Water space or channel d2, while the heads ff are so constructed as to hold the inner vessel out of contact with them to form empty spaces or chambers h h' at the ends. The steam pipe B enters the upper side of' the head fand discharges the jet of steam into the space or passage c2. The steam is prevented from fiowing downward into the chamber h by means of a partition k formed on the inner side of the head f, which serves the double purpose of acting to confine the steam and tion through the channel (Z2 beneath and out through the drainage pipe D, forcing the air before it.

In Figs. 10 and l1 is shown a construction wherein the heat storage body, here lettered G3, is a vessel containing water which accumulates from the condensation of the steam. Within the outer casing F is placed the inner vessel G3, which is constructed of a tube closed at its opposite ends by heads and having holes m m formed at its sides near the top for the double purpose of admitting steam into the vessel G3, so that this steam by condensing shall accumulate and keep replenished the body of water which is to serve as the heat storing medium, and of draining out any excess of this water in order that there shall be maintained a sufficient air space to provide IOO for the expansion of the body of Water in freezing and prevent bursting the vessel. This vspecific construction of storage heater is not ing steam shall be injected into this pipek and caused to now through it to the chamber h at the opposite end of the radiator. To provide for the expansion of the pipe H3 as it is suddenly heated by the steam, its ends are made a loose fit with the ends or heads of the vessel G3. The heat storage vessel Gr3 is raised up by blocks p p in order to form beneathand around it a steam and condensed water space q. The steam on entering the chamber h iiows back through this space and expels the air, which is driven out through the drainage pipe D as before.

Fig. l2 shows another construction of storage heater in which the heat storage body, here lettered G4, is a closed or sealed vessel containing brine or'other liquid. In this construction the upper part of the vessel is concaved longitudinally to form a steam space or channel, here lettered c4, and which is in line with the steam inlet pipe B, the position of which is shown in dotted lines. The channel c4 confines the steam and forces it to ow to the opposite end of the radiator, in order thereby to etoiently expel the air upon the turning on of steam. The inner vessel is held up by blocks p to form a steam space q around it as in the last described construction.

My invention may be otherwise altered in matters of detail without departing from its essential'features, since the specific construction of such storage radiators is susceptible of very great modification. Those features of my invention which I consider essential are hereinafter defined in the claims. l

I claim as my invention the following-dened novel features, substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:

l. A heat storage radiator comprising a nearly horizontal elongated tubular outer shell inclined suciently to drain toward one end, having steam inlet and drainage openings both at the lower end of the shell, the drainage opening at the bottom and the inlet opening above it, a'heat storage body inclosed in said shell7 constructed to form a steam conduit communicating with said inlet opening and extending to the opposite end of the shell, and to form a space or channel for water of condensation along the bottom communicating with said drainage opening, whereby the entering steam is conducted to the farther end of the radiator throughsaid conduit, and

the water of condensation flows back beneath to said drainage opening.

2. A heat-storage radiatorcomprising a nearly horizontal elongated tubular outer shell inclined sufficiently to drain toward one end, having steam inlet and drainage openings both at the lower end of the shell, the drainage opening at the bottom and the inlet opening at the top, a heat-storage body inclosed in said shell, the two constructed to Vform a steam conduit between them along the top ot' the radiator, extending from the inlet opening to the opposite end of the shell, and to form aspace or channel for water ol' condensation along the bottom communicating l with said drainage opening, and a steam inlet pipe entering the shell at said inlet opening and in line with said steam conduit to discharge steam thereinto, whereby the entering steam is conducted at the top to the farther end of the radiator through said conduit, and the water of condensation flows back beneath to said drainage opening.

3. A heat storage radiator comprising an elongated tubular shell, an inclosed solid heat-storage body, formed in sections, with a steam-space or channel along the upper side of each section, a steam inlet pipe entering the end of the shell near the top and extending within the shell in the channels in said sections, whereby said sections are retained in position with their channels in line, and the steam is conducted to the farther end of the radiator, and a drainage pipe for con-V densed water connecting with the same end of the shell near the bottom.

4. The combination of a radiator having a shell extended nearly horizontally, bu't inclined sufficiently to drain toward one end, and constructed with steam inlet and drainage openings both at the lower end, the former above and the latter beneath, and with an interior steam conduit extending from the steam inlet opening to the opposite end of the shell, whereby entering steam is conducted to the remote end of the radiator, and an interiorv passage or space for collecting water of condensation, returning along the lower side of the shell to the drainage opening, a steam-pipe extending to said steam-inlet opening, and a drainage pipe extending from said drainage opening to a trap or discharge.

5. The combination on a railway car, of two radiators having shells extended approxi'- mately horizontally along the side of the car, and formed with steam inlet and drainage openings in the adjacent ends of said shells, the inlet opening above and the drainage opening beneath, and said radiators inclined to drain toward the middle of the car, and constructed each with an internal steam passage extending from the steam inlet to the opposite end of the radiator, and with an interior spaceor passage for collecting water IOO IIO

of condensation, returning along the lower In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed side of the shell to the drainage opening, my name in the presence of two subscribing 1o with a stean1-pipe having branches extending Witnesses.

to the steam-inlet openinvs of both radiators 5 and a drainage pipe leadoing from the drain EDWARD E' GOLD' age openings of both radiators and extend- Witnesses: ing down through the ear floor to a trap or GEORGE H. FRASER,

discharge. CHARLES K. FRASER. 

